Sugar, also called glucose, is an important energy source for the human body. In order to use that energy, the body needs the hormone insulin. In diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin, or it doesn’t function properly. This results in a high level of glucose in the blood, which cannot be used as energy.

Two types of diabetes

We distinguish between two types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. While type 1 diabetes is characterised by an early onset in children, type 2 diabetes typically develops in adults. In more detail, it can be caused by low levels of insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreas, or by reduced sensitivity of tissue cells to insulin. Both causes prevent glucose from being absorbed by cells, causing high blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia.

Learn about the consequences of type II diabetes

High blood glucose levels make it difficult for the kidneys to recover all the glucose from nascent urine, resulting in glucose being lost in urine. High glucose levels also result in less water being reabsorbed by the kidneys, causing high amounts of urine to be produced, which may result in dehydration. Over time, high blood glucose levels can cause nerve damage to the eyes and peripheral body tissues, as well as damage to the kidneys and cardiovascular system.

Apply your knowledge of diabetes

In the Diabetes lab, you will learn the basics of type II diabetes. You will learn how to measure your own blood sugar levels and even how to give yourself an insulin shot. You will also learn how to put together a healthy meal plan.

Will you be able to use your type II diabetes knowledge to manage blood sugar levels?